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Pigs Experience Stress All Year

Stress has a tremendous impact on the performance of pigs. Many factors such as health, environment, social circumstances, management practices, herd density and nutrition contribute to the overall stress load that a pig faces daily. There is a myriad of internal and external stimuli that can affect the homeostasis of an individual animal. In fact, common environmental and situational stressors – ranging from pathogens and stocking density to diet changes and extreme weather – can all impact the productivity of your animals. When a pig is experiencing stress conditions, cortisol is released, resulting in behavioral, metabolic, immunological and intestinal changes.1,2,3 Studies have shown that cortisol can have a negative impact on performance.4,5,6

Once homeostasis is disrupted, the body elicits physiological stress responses involving the immune system in an attempt to reestablish homeostasis. These changes can lead to decreased health and performance, including reduced feed intake, reduced growth rate and fertility and increased mortality. 

Swine Stress Metrics

KemTRACE® Chromium can help

Chromium has been shown to reduce the levels of cortisol, thereby reducing the negative impacts of stress.7 The results of both university and field evaluations demonstrate that KemTRACE Chromium is a highly bioavailable source of chromium that minimizes the impacts of stress, thus improving performance.

 

What is KemTRACE® Chromium?

KemTRACE® Chromium – the first product of its kind on the market – is a water soluble, highly bioavailable, organic source of chromium that helps improve glucose utilization and reduce the negative impacts of stress for increased cellular energy and function. This results in improved growth and immunity in swine. KemTRACE Chromium has been fed to millions of animals around the globe since its introduction in 2000. It is registered in more than 35 countries worldwide and is the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration-reviewed form of chromium propionate.

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References

1Paredes, A.H., N.R. Salvetti, A.E. Diaz, B.E. Dallard, H.H. Ortega, and H. E. Lara. 2011. Sympathetic nerve activity in normal and cystic follicles from isolated bovine ovary: Local effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on steroid secretion. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 9:66.
2Martinez-Miro, S., F. Tecles, M. Ramon, D. Escribano, F. Hernandez, J. Madrid, J. Orengo, S. Martinez-Subiela, X. Manteca, and J.J. Ceron. 2016. Causes, consequences and biomarkers of stress in swine: An update. BMC Veterinary Research 12:171.
3Gebregeziabhea, E. 2015. The effect of stress on productivity of animals: a review. J. Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 5 (15):14-21
4Klemcke, H.G. 1995. Placental Metabolism of Cortisol and Mid- and Late Gestation in Swine. Biology of Reprod. 53:1293-1301.
5Einarsson, S., Y. Brandt, N. Lundeheim, and A. Madej. 2008. Stress and its influence on reproduction in pigs: a review. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 50:48.
6C. Mohling, A.K. Johnson, L.A. Karriker, K.J. Stalder, S.M. Millman, and J. Coetzee. 2018. Blood cortisol levels higher in lame sows. National hog farmer May, 2018. http://www.nationalhogfarmer.com/animal-well-being/blood-cortisol-levels-higher-lame-sows
7A.T., B..J. Leury, M.A. Sabin, C.L. Collins, and F.R. Dunshea. 2014. Dietary nano-chromium tripicolinate increases feed intake and decreases plasma cortisol in finisher gilts during summer. Tropical Animal Health and Production 46:1483-1489.

 

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