VIBRIO-VAC™

Vibriosis in hatchery and grow-out fish facilities

Vibriosis is among the most common diseases leading to massive mortality of cultured shrimp, fish, and shellfish in Asia. High incidence of vibriosis can occur in hatchery and grow-out facilities, but juveniles are more susceptible to the disease. Various factors, particularly the source of fish, environmental factors (including water quality and farm management), and the virulence factors of Vibrio, influence the occurrence of the disease^.1

Affected fish show weariness, with necrosis of skin and appendages, leading to body malformation, slow growth, internal organ liquefaction, blindness, muscle opacity, and mortality. A combination of control measures, particularly a disease-free source of fish, biosecurity of the farm, improved water quality, and other preventive measures (e.g. vaccination) might be able to control the infection. Although some control measures are expensive and less practical, vaccination is effective, relatively cheap, and easily implemented.¹

Some Vibrio strains can cause fatal diarrhoeal illness in humans through contaminated water and food. V. harveyi has also been reported as an opportunistic pathogen in humans causing wound infections after contact with seawater.²

With the increasing incidence of vibriosis among marine organisms that lead to severe disease outbreaks, attempts to control this infection is a major concern.²

Product Description

Administration

Before use, the vaccine should be shaken well to ensure proper mixing. Sterile injection equipment should be used to avoid contamination.

• Immersion vaccination: vaccine uptake may occur through the gills therefore fish need to be fully immersed in a diluted solution containing the vaccine for 2-5 minutes after which they are returned to the holding tanks. The vaccine solution should be clean and well oxygenated. The temperature of the diluted vaccine shall not deviate from the water temperature in the holding area by more than ±5 °C. Vaccinate the correct weight of fish: 1 liter of vaccine diluted in 9 liters of water is sufficient to vaccinate 100 kg. of fish.
• Parenteral injection: the injectable dose (0.2 mL/fish) should only be applied by intraperitoneal (IP) or intramuscular (IM) route in fish over 15 g weight. Prior vaccination the fish should be anaesthetized, and the needle should penetrate the muscle in order to deposit the vaccine volume in the peritoneal cavity or in the dorsal muscle.

Storage Precautions

• Store and transport refrigerated (+2°C to +8°C).
• Do not freeze.
• Store in a dry place protected from direct sunlight.
• Do not use this product after the expiry date.
• Shelf life after first opening the bottle: 3 hours.

Presentation

VIBRIO-VAC™ is packed and presented in 500 mL (2,500 doses) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles.

References

1. Anim Health. 2019 Mar;31(1):3-22. doi: 10.1002/aah.10045. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

2. Manchanayake et al (2023). Pathology and pathogenesis of Vibrio infection in fish: A review. Aquaculture Reports, Volume 28, February 2023, 101459.

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